Josef Erich Zawinul (born July 7, 1932 in Vienna, Austria) is a jazz keyboardist and composer. He is one of the front runners in the development of jazz fusion along with Chick Corea, Herbie Hancock, John McLaughlin and Miles Davis. Best known as the founder of the band Weather Report, with Miroslav Vitous and Wayne Shorter with whom he had previously recorded two albums as part of Davis' studio band, he currently heads the ensemble called the Zawinul Syndicate.
Zawinul, along with Corea and Hancock, was one of the first to integrate electric pianos and early synthesizers like the ARP 2600 in 1973's Sweetnighter. Unlike Hancock, he didn't care much for the Minimoog. He was one of the first to use a Fender-Rhodes with a Phasing effect too and a Wah-Wah pedal. He was a perfectionist and as a result achieved a very contemporary and modern sound. He is still a prominent artist and composer in the jazz community. He also has played the kalimba, on Weather Report's Mysterious Traveller and Mr. Gone. [1] [2]
Classically trained at the Vienna Conservatoire, Zawinul played in various broadcasting and studio bands before emigrating to the U.S. in 1959, where he played with Maynard Ferguson and Dinah Washington before joining the Cannonball Adderley Quintet in 1961.
During his nine-year stint on keyboards with Adderley, Zawinul wrote the hit "Mercy, Mercy, Mercy." He also composed "Walk Tall" and "Country Preacher," the latter a tribute to U.S. Civil Rights Movement leader Rev. Jesse Jackson. In this title cut to the quintet's popular 1969 album release, Austrian-born Zawinul demonstrated a sophisticated and intimate understanding of the African/African-American concept of cool, of motion and interval. When "Country Preacher" debuted at a live recording session in Chicago at Jackson's Operation Breadbasket, it elicited enthusiastic cheers of immediate recognition from the mostly African-American audience.
In the late 60s, Zawinul recorded with Miles Davis's studio band and helped create the sound of the new Jazz fusion. Among others he played on the album In a Silent Way, the title track of which he composed, and the landmark album Bitches Brew, for which he contributed the twenty-minute track "Pharaoh's Dance" which occupied the whole of side one. Zawinul is known to have played live with Davis only once, on July 10, 1991, shortly before Davis' death.
Zawinul's biggest commercial success came from his composition "Birdland", a 6-minute opus featured on Weather Report's 1977 album Heavy Weather. "Birdland" is one of the most recognizable jazz pieces of the '70s, covered by many prominent artists from The Manhattan Transfer to Maynard Ferguson. Even Weather Report's version received significant mainstream radio airplay — unusual for them — and served to convert many new fans to music which they may never have heard otherwise.

Trivia
Zawinul grew up in Landstraße, Vienna, where he went to school with the late former Austrian Federal President Thomas Klestil. He also owns a jazz club named Birdland in Landstraßer Hauptstraße, the main street of the borough.
His mother was a Sinti ("Gypsy"). Zawinul emigrated to the United States in the late 1950s.
Brian Eno's instrumental "Zawinul/Lava" is named in his honour.
John McLaughlin's instrumental "Jozy" is also a tribute to Zawinul.
Warren Cuccurullo's "Hey Zawinul" is another tribute to Joe.
Joe Zawinul is often credited with aiding revolutionary fretless bass virtuoso Jaco Pastorius in his rise to popularity by giving him the position as bassist for Weather Report in the mid 1970s.
Miles Davis once commended Zawinul for having a black wife and 'beige' children.
The Weather Report track and Zawinul composition Cannonball is a tribute to Cannonball Adderley and features the debut of Jaco Pastorius with Weather Report.

North East Derbyshire is a county constituency represented in the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom. It elects one Member of Parliament (MP) by the first past the post system of election.

Boundaries

Members of Parliament

Elections

Elections in the 1990s

Elections in the 1980s

Elections in the 1970s

Elections in the 1960s

Elections in the 1940s

Piano wire is a specialized type of wire made for use in piano and other musical instrument strings, as well as many other purposes. It is made from tempered high-carbon steel, also known as "spring steel". Music wire is another name for piano wire: it is used for the cores of strings, which may be wound with other materials. Music wire is used for a variety of string instruments that use steel strings, such as guitars.

Other applications

Piano acoustics

The Bible Student movement is a religious movement with premillennialist expectations, that sprang from the teachings and ministry of Pastor Charles Taze Russell in the 1870s, whose followers generally call themselves "Bible Students". Following a schism after Russell's death in 1916, several offshoot groups formed, some of which have today moved away from the doctrines of Pastor Russell to one degree or another. The largest group of the movement today is the Jehovah's Witnesses, although there are still thousands of Bible Students worldwide who have had increased visibility and influence in recent years due to the formation and growth of the world wide web.

Early history

Main article: Jehovah's Witnesses Jehovah's Witnesses
M.L. McPhail, Pilgrim member of the Chicago Bible Students, disassociated himself from Russell's movement at the same time as the New Covenant controversy emerged, and led the New Covenant Bible Students in the United States, founding the New Covenant Believers in 1909. The group published The Kingdom Scribe magazine until 1975. The group still exists today under the name Berean Bible Students Church.
In 1928, the Italian Bible Students Association in Hartford, Connecticut withdrew its support from the Watchtower Society and changed its name to the Millennial Bible Students Church, then eventually to Christian Millennial Fellowship, Inc.. They eventually rejected many of Russell's writings as erroneous. The group is now located in New Jersey.

The New Covenant Bible Students

Main article: Associated Bible Students The Layman's Home Missionary Movement
In 1917, Alexander F.L. Freytag, Branch manager of the Swiss Watch Tower Society since 1898, founded the Angel of Jehovah Bible and Tract Society (also known as the Philanthropic Assembly of the Friends of Man and The Church of the Kingdom of God, Philanthropic Assembly). When he started publishing his views he was ousted from the Watchtower Society by Rutherford in 1919. He published two journals, the monthly The Monitor of the Reign of Justice and the weekly Paper for All.
Jesse Hemery was one of the most prominent Bible Students of England, and had been appointed president of the International Bible Students Association by Pastor Russell in 1901, holding that post until 1946. In 1951, he was disfellowshipped by N.H. Knorr and then founded the Goshen Fellowship. He died in 1955, and the group, with a small fellowship, is currently led by Frank Lewis Brown.

Some Bible Student (Pastoral Bible Institute) Beliefs

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. Not only has the game been fan translated, attempts to redub the actual in-game speech in English were made. This project, which has been very challenging due to not only the need to recompress the vocals to SPC700 form, but split them into segments so they can be properly put back into the ROM structure and played by the Flexible Voice Driver, is titled "Vocals of Phantasia" and is at version .999.

Some fans were unhappy with the localized GBA remake of Tales of Phantasia, in part because they were introduced to the game through the DeJap fan translation of the SFC version. In particular, the translations of many important characters' names were different. Whether the GBA translators changed them in order to sound less awkward as English names is unknown, but existing fans were accustomed to the romanized names that had been used for almost a decade in Japan in either Phantasia's marketing and merchandise, or in the original games themselves (the names are in the credits).
In addition to name changes, the GBA remake's menu was more frustrating to use because of its compactness. The game also had several mistranslated words (seals/steels, Ragnarok/Kangaroo, cranequin/klein quin, etc) and voice clips mixups, and removed the opening song Yume Wa Owaranai.

The original game soundtrack was arranged by veteran composer Motoi Sakuraba, as well as Shinji Tamura; these two have been the primary music composers for the series since then. Sakuraba has a cameo appearance in the SNES version and GBA remake of the game; when you visit a major city, you can meet him and get him to play the theme of the game on a piano.
Also, there a few vocal tracks associated with the game or anime:
Like other vocal songs of the Tales series, Yume wa Owaranai was removed from the North American release of the GBA remake.


While the storylines in most games in the main Tales series are not connected to each other (much like Final Fantasy), there are a few games in the Tales series that take place in the same world as Phantasia.

Refer to Tales of Symphonia's entry.

Main article: Tales of Phantasia (PS1)

For the Bohemian composer, see Julius Fučík (composer).
Julius Fučík (IPA: [ˈju:lɪjʊs ˈfʊtʃi:k]) (February 23, 1903 – September 8, 1943) was a Czechoslovakian journalist, an active member of Communist Party of Czechoslovakia (Komunistická strana Československa [KSČ]), and part of the forefront of the anti-Nazi resistance. He was imprisoned, tortured, and murdered by the Nazis.

Early life
In 1920 he took up study in Prague and joined the Czechoslovak Social Democratic Workers' Party, through which he was later to find himself swept up in the leftwing current. In May 1921 this wing founded the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia (CPC). Fučík then first wrote cultural contributions for the local Plzeň CPC newspaper.
After completing his studies, Fučík found a position as an editor with the literary newspaper "Kmen". Within the CPC he became responsible for cultural work. In the year 1929 he went to literary critic František Xaver Šalda's magazine "Tvorba". Moreover, he constantly worked on the CPC newspaper "Rudé Právo" and several other journals. In this time Fučík was arrested repeatedly by the Czechoslovakian Secret Police, managing to avoid an eight-month prison sentence in 1934.
In 1930, he visited the Soviet Union for four months and painted a very positive picture of the situation there in the book V zemi, kde zítra již znamená včera (1932). In July 1934, just after Hitler had suppressed the SA, he visited Bavaria and described his experiences in Cesta do Mníchova. He went to the Soviet Union again in 1934, this time for two years, and wrote various reports, which again worked to support the Party's strength. After his return, there were heated arguments with authors such as Jiří Weil and Jan Slavik, who criticized developments under Stalin. Fučík took the Soviet Union's side and criticized such critical statements as fatal.
In 1938 Fučík married Augusta Kodeřičová, later known as Gusta Fučíková.
In the wake of the Munich Conference, the Prague government disbanded the CPC from September 1938 and the CPC went underground. After Nazi Germany's troops invaded Czechoslovakia in March 1939, Fučík moved to his parents' house in Chotiměř and published in civilian newspapers, especially about historical and literary topics. He also started to work for the now underground CPC. In 1940 the Gestapo started to search for him in Chotiměř because of his cooperation with the CPC, and so he decided to move back to Prague.
Beginning early in 1941, he belonged to the CPC's Central Committee. He provided handbills and tried to publish the Communist Party newspaper "Rudé Právo" regularly. On 24 April 1942 he and six others were arrested in Prague by the Gestapo, probably rather coincidentally during a police raid. Although Fučík had a gun at the time, he did not use it. The only survivor of the incident, Riva Friedová/Krieglová, claimed in the 1990s that Fučík had had orders to shoot himself to avoid capture. [1]

Journalism and politics
First, Fučík was detained in Pankrác Prison in Prague where he was also interrogated and tortured. In this time arose Fučík's Notes from the Gallows (ISBN 087905252X) (sometimes also translated Reports Written Under the Noose, and in Czech Reportáž psaná na oprátce), which was written on pieces of cigarette paper and smuggled out by sympathetic prison warders named Kolínský and Hora. The book describes events in the prison since Fučík's arrest and is filled with hope for a better, Communist future. In later years its authenticity was contested. The book was published in a more "acceptable" version, from which the less pleasant passages, which did not quite fit into everyone's picture of heroic resistance fighters, had been stricken out.

The Book
In May 1943 Fučík was brought to Germany. He was first detained in Bautzen for somewhat more than two months, and afterwards in Berlin. On August 25, 1943 in Berlin, he was accused of high treason in connection with his political activities by the Volksgerichtshof, which was presided over by the notorious Roland Freisler. Fučík was found guilty, and was sentenced to death along with Jaroslav Klecan, who had been arrested with Fučík. Fučík was beheaded two weeks later on 8 September 1943 in Plötzensee Prison in Berlin.
After the war, his wife, Gusta Fučíková, who had also been in a Nazi concentration camp, researched and retrieved all of his prison writings. She edited them (see Julius Fučík#The Book) with help of CPC and published them as Notes from the Gallows in 1947. Book was successful and its influence rose after the Stalinist takeover in 1948. It has been translated into at least ninety languages.
Every pupil growing up in the communist Czechoslovakia was familiar with Fučík's work and life by the age of ten.

Trial and death
The Party found Julius Fučík and his book convenient for use as propaganda and turned them into one of the most visible symbols of the Party. The book was required reading in schools and an heroic portrait of Fučík hung at political meetings. Gusta Fučíková was given a high position in the Party hierarchy (the chairmanship of a women's organisation), holding it for decades.
Many places were named after Fučík, among them a large entertainment park in Prague (Park kultury a oddechu Julia Fučíka), the city theatre in Jablonec nad Nisou (1945-98), a factory in Brno (Elektrotechnické závody Julia Fučíka), a military unit, and countless streets and squares.

Fučík as an ideological symbol
After the Party lost its power in 1989, the legend of Fučík became a target of scrutiny. It was made public that some parts of the book Notes from the Gallows (around 2%) had been omitted and the text, "sanitized" by Gusta Fučíková. There were speculations as to how much information he gave his torturers, and whether he had turned traitor. In 1995 the complete text of the book was published. The part in which Fučík describes how he succumbed to torture was published for the first time. This publishing was a logical consequence of political changes, while Fučík's position as untouchable national hero was lost, owing to its incompatibility with the new Czech political regime.

Reassessment

Selected works

Reportáže z buržoazní republiky, published in journals, collected in 1948
V zemi, kde zítra již znamená včera, about the Soviet Union, 1932
V zemi milované, about the Soviet Union, published posthumously in 1949
Reportáž psaná na oprátce (Notes from the Gallows), 1947, complete text in 1995, many editions and translations Reports

Milujeme svoji zem, 1948
Stati o literatuře, 1951
Božena Němcová bojující, O Sabinově zradě, Chůva published in Tři studie, 1947. Quotations

Radko Šťastný: Čeští spisovatelé deseti století, Prague 2001, ISBN 80-903071-0-8

The Roots, also variously known as The Legendary Roots Crew, The Fifth Dynasty, The Square Roots and The Foundation, are an influential, Grammy-winning hip-hop band based out of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, famed for a heavily jazzy sound and live instrumentation. Inspired by the "hip-hop band" concept pioneered by Stetsasonic, The Roots themselves have garnered critical acclaim and influenced later hip-hop and R&B acts.

History
The group's original lineup was formed in Philadelphia around 1987. They began to do shows around Philly and in 1992 or 1993 left to perform in Europe. They rented out a flat in London and performed in Europe for approximately one year. In order to sustain themselves financially, The Roots released what would be known as their debut album: Organix. The album went on to sell about 150,000 copies. Following the release of Organix, several major record labels offered deals and the band signed with DGC Records, which at the time was better known for its grunge music releases. With their new record deal, the quintet travelled back to the states.

Origins & Organix
The Roots' first album for DGC, Do You Want More?!!!??! (recorded live without the use of samples), was a moderate hit on alternative radio. Also lauded for its jazziness, the album was equal parts jazz improv/instrumentation and rap music. It featured the songs "Distortion to Static" and "Proceed." It reached gold status in 2005, with sales of 501,000 copies.

Do You Want More?!!!??!
The 1996 release Illadelph Halflife was the group's first album to crack the Top 40 on Billboard's album chart, spurred in part by MTV's airplay of the video for "What They Do" (a parody of rap video clichés) and "Clones," which was their first single to reach the top five on the rap charts. "What They Do" was also the group's first single to hit the Top 40 of Billboard's charts, reaching a peak of #34. While continuing on the path of live instrumentation, the album's sound was somewhat darker. Attempting to appeal to a wider audience, the band begun integrating programmed drums and samples into their sound, though they only sampled their own music. It was also The Roots' first album to include prominent guests, such as Common on "UNIverse At War", D'Angelo and Erykah Badu on "Hypnotic" and Q-Tip on "Ital (The Universal Side)."

Illadelph Halflife
Despite rumors of a possible break up, the group stayed together and released Things Fall Apart in 1999 (named after Things Fall Apart, a novel by Chinua Achebe). This was their breakthrough album sales-wise, peaking at #4 on the Billboard 200 charts and earning a gold record, signifying U.S. sales of at least 500,000 units. The track "You Got Me," duet with R&B singer Erykah Badu, peaked inside the top 40 on the Billboard Hot 100 charts and earned them a Grammy award for Best Rap Performance By A Duo Or Group.
Like "Illadelph Halflife", TFA was not quite as jazzy as previous works, instead incorporating more neo-soul influences. First-time cameos on TFA for Philly natives Beanie Sigel and Eve helped to earn them major record deals later (with Roc-A-Fella and Ruff Ryders, respectively). After this album, Dice Raw left the collective to record his solo debut album, Reclaiming the Dead.
The group's popularity continued to rise through the album. With a Grammy under their belts, they were able to perform an extended set at the now infamous "Woodstock '99".

Things Fall Apart
A hectic time ensued for The Roots; several members left; including long time member Malik B. Their popularity increased with their sales and a spot backing Jay-Z for his MTV Unplugged album. With heightened popularity came mounting pressure. The Roots released "Phrenology" (named after the pseudoscience of Phrenology) in 2002, which took a turn away from their jazz and soul influences and further into rock territory. The group lost many of their original fans with this new sound, but gained some others at the same time. Despite not charting as high as Things Fall Apart, reaching a peak of #28 on the charts, Phrenology was commercially successful, eventually going gold, and earning a Grammy nomination for Best Rap Album.
During this time the band also backed Jay-Z for his 2003 farewell concert in Madison Square Garden, and appeared in the accompanying "Fade to Black" DVD.

Phrenology
After Phrenology, Ben Kenney and Scratch both left the group. Their major label deal with Geffen began to sour as pressures were mounted on the group to sell more records. This culminated with the release of 2004's The Tipping Point, which took its name from a 2000 book The Tipping Point by Malcolm Gladwell. The album earned two more Grammy nominations: one for Best Urban/Alternative Performance for the track "Star" and another for Best Rap Performance By A Duo Or Group for the track "Don't Say Nuthin'."
It debuted at #4 on the Billboard album chart, selling over 100,000 copies in its first week of release, but failed to go gold. Subsequently, the group left the label after the album's release. Contractual obligations resulted in the release of Home Grown! The Beginner's Guide To Understanding The Roots, Volumes 1 & 2 in 2005, a two-disc compilation album.

Game Theory
During an interview with MTV, shortly after the release of Game Theory, ?uestlove said that The Roots are already working on their 10th album. "As of this speaking, anything to do with the term 'game theory' is strictly past tense only," he said, clearly still relieved that the album is finished. "I'm working on [album] number 10 right now — I want to be the first rap artist to actually make a good 10th record, that's my goal. [We're already] four songs into the next project."
In an interview, AllHipHop.com reports that the title of the tenth Roots album is Rising Down. [1]
The band tours extensively, and their live sets are frequently hailed as the best in the hip-hop genre. Recently, the band played a concert in NYC's Radio City Music Hall with Common, Nas, Talib Kweli and Big Daddy Kane. They also backed Jay-Z a third time, for his Reasonable Doubt Concert, a celebration of the 10-year anniversary of the release of his first album. The Roots have been featured in three movies: Dave Chappelle's Block Party, both performing album songs and playing as a backing band for other artists; Spike Lee's Bamboozled; and Marc Levin's "Brooklyn Babylon," in which Black Thought plays the protagonist, Solomon, and former band member Rahzel narrates. Black Thought and ?uestlove were both featured in the movie "Brown Sugar," and Black Thought also made an appearance in the film "Love Rome" as Tariq Trotter.
?uestlove reported that he is thinking of adding fellow Philadelphia rapper and Def Jam labelmate Peedi Peedi to the fold as a second group MC. Peedi recently guested on their latest album, and he will join for a set amount of time to "see how it goes."[2] However, when recently asked about the issue, Black Thought responded: "Nah, he ain't joining, he's just family". Most recently, The Roots appeared at The Coachella Music and Arts Festival on April 27th, and are scheduled to play ROCK THE BELLS in New York (July 28th, 2007), San Bernadino (August 11th, 2007), and San Francisco (August 18th, 2007) with the likes of Rage Against The Machine, Cypress Hill, Wu Tang Clan, Public Enemy, Nas, Mos Def, EPMD, and many more. According to Black Thought, Rising Down will be out in November or December.[3] Recently in an interview on okayplayer interview, ?uestlove of The Roots says" Our new album entitled Rising Down will be out in April, 2008."
On September 11th, 2007, a Game Theory outtake, "Marathon Man", was released as an exclusive e-single through itunes.

Rising Down
The Roots' original lineup included Tariq "Black Thought" Trotter (MC) and Ahmir "?uestlove" Thompson (drums), who were classmates at the Philadelphia High School for Creative Performing Arts. As they began to play at school and on the streets, they added a bassist named Josh "The Rubberband" Abrams, who went on to form the jazz group The Josh Abrams Quartet. They later added another MC named Malik Abdul Basit-Smart ("Malik B."), a new bassist Leonard Nelson Hubbard ("Hub"), and a keyboardist named Scott Storch, who eventually became one of the most prominent rap producers in the industry. Another MC, Kid Crumbs, was a part of the group for their first album, Organix, but did not appear on any later albums. Yet another MC, Dice Raw, joined on for cameos in later albums. Scott Storch also left to pursue a producing career following the Do You Want More?!!!??! album. The split, however, was on amicable terms: Storch continues to produce tracks for Roots albums to this day. The Roots filled his void with another keyboardist, Kamal Gray, who is still a member.
A beatboxer named Rahzel also joined the group and contributed from 1995-1999. Alongside Rahzel was vocal turntablist Scratch, who DJ'd for them during live concerts. He abruptly left in 2003. Malik B. left the group in 1999 due to drug problems but continued to record, making occasional cameos on future albums. A guitarist, Ben Kenney, had a short stint with the group and contributed to their Phrenology album, but left to join Incubus as their bassist. A percussionist, F Knuckles, was added in 2002 and guitarist, Kirk Douglas (a.k.a. "Captain Kirk"), replaced Kenney. A vocalist, Martin Luther, toured with The Roots in 2003 and 2004 and contributed to their Tipping Point album. The group announced in August 2007, to the dismay of fans, that longtime bassist, Leonard Hubbard, was leaving the group. "One of our partners is leaving us tonight, ladies and gentlemen, Leonard Hubbard" (Black Thought @ Moedown 8/31/07). The current members of The Roots are Black Thought (MC), ?uestlove (drums), Kamal (keyboard), F Knuckles (percussion), and Captain Kirk (guitar).
All members have worked with PETA to promote compassion for animals and the vegetarian lifestyle.

Awards & Honors

1993: Organix
1995: Do You Want More?!!!??!
1996: Illadelph Halflife
1999: Things Fall Apart
1999: The Roots Come Alive (live album)
2002: Phrenology
2004: The Tipping Point
2005: Home Grown!: The Beginners Guide To Understanding The Roots Volume One (Compilation)
2005: Home Grown!: The Beginners Guide To Understanding The Roots Volume Two (Compilation)
2006: Game Theory
2008: Rising Down